What to lay between the stove and a wooden wall

How to protect the walls of a bath from the heat of the stove - technologies and materials

All the heat from the stove is released into the room, but the main heat is absorbed by the nearby walls, which leads to their charring and fire. It is extremely important to avoid such consequences, therefore in this article we will tell you in detail how to isolate the stove in the bath from the wall.

Do you need protection in your bath

Protection of the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove is not always required. For example, you can provide a distance between the wall and the stove that will allow you to achieve fire safety without additional protection. The fact is that at some distance the infrared rays emitted by the oven begin to scatter, which significantly reduces their impact on the nearest surfaces.

The distance from the stove to the wall in the bath varies depending on the type of stove:

0.32 m and more - the distance for a stone furnace with a quarter brick masonry;
0.7 m and more - the required distance between the wall and the metal furnace lined with chamotte or brick from the inside;
1 m or more is a safe distance for a metal unlined furnace.

At first glance, it seems that creating such a distance is much easier than installing additional protection, but this is fundamentally wrong. Maintaining a safe distance is advisable only in large steam rooms, but in small private baths, the stove, including indents, will occupy most of the room, so it will be much easier to use insulation.

Wooden safety fence

A wooden stove guard can be used to prevent accidental touching the stove. This type of protection is equally applicable both in the bath and in the sauna. It is important to observe fire safety measures and use suitable materials, for example, abasha wood, which is highly moisture resistant and low in thermal conductivity and heat capacity: its surface is always warm to the touch, not hot. But this exotic wood is very expensive. Of our domestic breeds, alder and linden are perfect for these purposes. It is undesirable to use pine: it contains a large amount of resins, which, when heated, can cause burns.

Wooden fence for a sauna stove

A wooden fence for a stove in a bathhouse or sauna can be purchased either ready-made or you can build it yourself. We present you some options for its installation. If small children visit the steam room, then make a fence in the form of a decorative fence, leaving very small distances between the planks so that even the smallest one cannot stick his hand and get burned. If only adults visit the steam room, you can make a barrier of a simpler design - several longitudinal and transverse guides, as in this photo.

Wooden fence for a sauna stove

The distance from the stove to the wooden fence is usually indicated in the stove manufacturer's instructions. According to fire regulations, the distance from the stove to combustible materials must be at least 500 mm.

Wooden fence for the sauna stove. This is if there are no children in the bath

Important! Be careful when using a wooden fence. If a darkening of color or other traces of heating appears, move the fence a little further.

Metal protective screens

On the construction market, the most common metal protective screens made of steel or cast iron. Many manufacturers of iron furnaces provide for thermal insulation of their products, providing them with special casings.

The choice of protective screens is quite simple, because depending on the insulated side of the oven, you can purchase a front or side panel. Installation of such screens will also not cause difficulties, because the manufacturer provides special legs that can be easily attached to the floor.

Next, it's worth talking about the installation rules. The panels themselves are installed at a distance of 1-5 cm from the stove, however, a distance is also required to the adjacent wall. The protective screens reduce the radiated temperature to 80-100 ° C, which allows them to be installed 50 cm from a parallel wall.

Characteristics of protective screens

Protective shields are special shields that surround the side surfaces of the furnace body and reduce the intensity of the heat when it is heated. Factory-made metal screens are made of cast iron or steel and are provided with sheets of various sizes equipped with supports.

Brick screens are fire walls erected around the stove body. If the stove is made of metal, then the brickwork can surround all of its side surfaces. If the brick screen is not a furnace casing, it should be located at a certain distance from both the heating device and the wooden wall.

If necessary, you can make brick fireproof walls with your own hands. This will require:

fireclay (stove) brick;
level;
cement;
Master OK;
fishing line.

Brick screen
Before starting construction, it should be noted that the height of the protective wall should be 20 cm higher than the furnace body. In this case, the screen should be located at a distance of 5-15 cm from the device.

Fire walls are erected by the method of masonry in ½ bricks, the fastening element is cement. Before starting work, you should determine the boundaries of the screen and stretch the fishing line along which the laying will be carried out. The verticality of the structure is verified using a level.

Brick screens

The fencing of the stove in the steam room can also be made of bricks. A brick screen can be installed on all sides of the metal oven, forming a protective sheathing. Also, such a screen can only be installed between the flammable surface and the oven, representing a protective wall.

Having decided to lay such protection, use solid fireclay bricks, for which you can use clay or cement mortar. Usually, masonry in half a brick (120 mm) is used, however, due to a lack of material, a masonry of a quarter brick (60 mm) is suitable. When using the latter installation method, remember that the thermal insulation properties of such a screen are reduced, so the distance to the wall should be increased.

Such finishing of the iron stove in the bath is also carried out in compliance with some rules:

In the lower part of the shield, it is necessary to provide special openings that will ensure air convection between the furnace wall and the brick;
The height of the brick wall should exceed the height of the oven by 20 cm, but often it is led to the very ceiling;
Observe the distance between the oven and brick screens of 5-15 cm;
There should also be a distance of 5-15 cm between the flammable surface, for example, a wall and a brick protection.

Non-combustible wall cladding

The second option for protecting walls from fire is special claddings, which are made from non-combustible materials. The working element of this protection, reflecting IR rays hazardous to combustible surfaces, is a reflective material, for example, stainless steel.

There are also options for decorative finishes that preserve the aesthetic purity of your bath.One of the advantages of this method is that protecting the walls in the bath from the stove will not only avoid fires, but also keep the heat inside the room.

Reflective wall cladding

You can assemble this version of the protective sheathing yourself. To do this, you will need a non-combustible thermal insulation material, which will be discussed in more detail below, as well as a stainless steel sheet.

Stainless steel can be replaced with a cheaper option - galvanized, however, when heated, it can emit harmful substances, so we strongly do not recommend using it. Before starting work, fix the insulation on the wall, then cover it with a metal sheet.

Sheathing with cladding

This option is practically no different from the previous one, however, if you do not know how to decorate the wall behind the stove in the steam room so as to preserve the beauty of the room while creating a safe environment, then this option is undoubtedly for you. Protect the walls with heat-resistant decorative materials laid over thermal insulation.

The decoration around the stove in the bath can be done with the following materials:

Clinker tiles made of baked clay. It is characterized by high strength, heat resistance and durability. One of the advantages of this option is also a rich color palette, which includes not only black and white tones, but also blue or green colors;
Terracotta tiles also made of clay, however, it is inferior to the previous version in terms of density and the number of possible color solutions;
Talcochlorite is a good option for a cladding for a bath, made of rocks of green and grayish shades. Possesses good heat resistance and strength;
Tiles - ordinary ceramic tiles, characterized by good heat resistance and a pattern on their surface;
Porcelain stoneware - heat-resistant tiles imitating natural stone or wood.

Russian stove with a stove bench

Russian stove with a stove bench
For a wooden multi-room house, this is perhaps the most optimal option, although it is found less and less often. Firstly, because there are fewer and fewer skilled stove-makers capable of properly folding such a stove. And secondly, she just went out of fashion, but in vain.

The design features of a real Russian stove are not only in the fact that it is capable of heating a rather large multi-room house.With the correct location and high-quality performance, such a stove is much more economical. Internal chimneys are designed in such a way that they heat not only the main body of the stove, but also the stove bench, which can be taken out to any room if desired, and the dryer. It cools down for a long time, and a very small amount of firewood is required for daily heating.

Well, you can't get away from such an element as a kitchen stove, on which you need to be able to cook, but if you comprehend this ancient art, then the whole house will be filled with amazing aromas. After all, it is not without reason that they say that pies, cereals and borscht are the most delicious from the Russian oven.

How to provide thermal protection for the walls of a bath - a protective screen and sheathing

A feature of modern sauna stoves is their heating temperature, which can reach 400 degrees. An important indicator of the efficiency of the furnace is the instantaneous heating of the body and the maximum heat output.

The entire heating process is accompanied by the release of infrared radiation, which is distributed on the surfaces adjacent to the oven. Under the influence of high temperature conditions, the wooden structure of the bath can be charred or ignited.

That is why it is so important to ensure reliable insulation of wooden surfaces from the heat of the stove. A protective shield and refractory sheathing are suitable for this.

When is thermal protection required?

The urgent need to install additional protective elements arises in cases of non-observance of the fire-safe distance between the furnace and the adjacent surfaces.

At an unsafe distance, the infrared radiation emitted during the kindling of sauna stoves hits the walls and is not scattered. This leads to damage to wooden surfaces or a fire hazard in general.

The safe distance between the wall and the heating structure depends on the material from which it is made:

So the distance from the wall to the stove:

from brick - is 35 cm;
made of metal (without interior decoration) - 100 cm;
made of metal (with interior decoration made of bricks or fireclay tiles) - up to 70 cm.

In small rooms, where it is not possible to maintain a safe distance from the wall to the stove, it is more rational to install a protective screen or sheathing.

The location of the stove in the house

The place in which the installation of the stove in the house will be carried out depends on the peculiarities of its functioning. The location of the chimney and the approach to the stove for its maintenance (cleaning the chamber, removing ash and soot) are calculated.

The distance from the hot surface to the wall should be at least 1.1 m. This is necessary to minimize the likelihood of fire.

An iron stove can be installed in a partition between rooms to serve adjacent rooms.

Protective thermal shields

As the main protection of the walls of the bath, heat-resistant screens are used - special insulation shields to close the side surfaces of the stove and reduce the intensity of the spread of infrared radiation in the room.

Screens are divided into two categories: metal and brick.

Metallic

Protective shield made of steel or cast iron sheets. It is mounted around the perimeter of the sauna stove, while maintaining small technological gaps (3-5 cm) between the screen and the outer walls of the heating structure to provide additional air convection.

Depending on the features of the walls of the bath and the type of stove, metal screens can be front and side. Some models of metal stoves are produced with an additional protective casing, which is installed when installing the firebox.

Installation of metal screens is carried out using adjustable feet, bolted to the floor covering. In addition, the legs allow for clearance at the bottom of the structure for additional ventilation.To increase the service life, the screens are covered with a refractory paint layer.

decrease in the intensity of infrared rays;
improvement of air convection between the walls of the oven and the screen;
reduction of the overall heating temperature of the outer walls of the heating structure.

Brick

A protective brick screen is designed to enclose the walls of the sauna stove.

The laying is done in ½ brick around the perimeter, observing the technological gaps of 6 cm. The lower part of the structure is equipped with additional air ducts at a distance of 2.5 cm from each other.

For arranging a brick screen for furnaces, heat-resistant fireclay bricks without voids are used. As a joint mixture - a thick solution of cement or clay.

The finished walls of the screen should be 22–25 cm higher than the wall of the heating structure.

low thermal conductivity of the material from which the screen is made;
resistance to high humidity and high temperatures;
long-term accumulation of heat in the room;
receiving mild heat from the oven.

Variety of ovens

A brick oven in a wooden house is fireproof, as it heats up less

Home stoves are made of bricks and metal. Due to the design features, each option has certain advantages and limitations for implementation.

Brick

Due to long-term cooling, such a stove keeps the room warm for a long time. It is capable of serving large dwellings, it is resistant to fire. Thinking over the design, you can provide for the possibility of cooking food and even a stove bench. When planning the installation of such a stove in a wooden house, you need to remember that the design requires the arrangement of a solid deep foundation. If there is no experience, it is better to entrust the construction to a specialist, but you can do it yourself.

Metal

For a metal furnace, it is necessary to equip a protective screen

Heating structures are made of iron and cast iron. The walls have a two-layer structure; an air layer between the sheets of metal protects the dwelling from thermal shock. Such ovens are attractive by the possibility of purchasing a ready-made system with a chimney and a temperature control unit.

The devices are distinguished by the speed of warming up and the release of heat. Because of this, you have to heat it often, if it is not a unit with a slow combustion option. You can choose a fireplace stove or a design equipped with cooking appliances (oven, hob). The main disadvantage of these products is the increased fire hazard. Because of it, additional safety requirements are introduced during installation.

When choosing, you need to build on what type of fuel you plan to use. For a wood-burning stove, the chamber is made of refractory bricks, for a coal one - of red with chamotte lining. If peat briquettes are selected, a pair of metal grates must be mounted on the furnace chamber.

Protective wall cladding

For the arrangement of thermal protection of the walls of the bath, special sheathing made of refractory materials is provided. They prevent overheating of surfaces and reduce the likelihood of a fire in the room.

Important! The height of the sheathing should exceed the height of the walls of the heating structure by 120 cm. The distance between the walls of the bath and the sheathing is at least 3 cm. Technological gaps are provided at the top and bottom of the sheathing to ensure air convection.

Sheathing-reflectors

This option for protecting the walls of the bath consists of metal sheets and a heat-resistant layer of thermal insulation. First, a heat-insulating layer is attached, a sheet of metal with a polished surface is mounted on top of it.

It is non-combustible insulation that effectively reflects thermal energy from wooden surfaces, reducing their heating.

Important! The sheet reflector produces a softer heat that is easily perceived by the human body.

The following is used as a heat-insulating layer:

Basalt wool.Environmentally friendly and safe material with high thermal insulation, hygroscopic and fireproof characteristics.
Basalt fiber board. A material with good sound and heat insulation properties. In addition, it is resistant to fire and decay.
Asbestos cardboard boards. Material with wear resistance, impact resistance and fire resistance.
Minerite panels. A popular refractory material that provides structures with reliable protection against overheating and possible ignition.

Ceramic bushings that are resistant to heat are used for fastening such cladding. If there is a minimum safe distance from the walls of the bath to the casing, a double layer of thermal insulation is installed.

Cladding with cladding surface

If it is necessary to comply with the general style of the room, decorative trim can be used for protective sheathing.

The most common finishing materials for thermal sheathing:

Terracotta (tiles). A hard-wearing material made from natural clay rock by firing. Differs in high wear resistance, durability, practicality and resistance to high temperatures. Terracotta is matt and glazed.
Clinker (tile). The refractory material is made from clay and has a high density. Outwardly, it resembles a brick for cladding.
Tiles (tiles). Modern material, the front surface of which is represented by a textured pattern, ornament or texture.
Talcochlorite. Pure rock with a characteristic shade of gray or green. The material is characterized by impact resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, durability and low hygroscopicity.
Porcelain stoneware slabs. Impact-resistant and heat-resistant facing material. The textured surface of the tile allows you to imitate other natural materials - stone, wood, brick.

Installation of refractory lining in the steam room is carried out on a thermal insulating base using special heat-resistant solutions. The finished cladding has the following appearance: wooden surface - technological gap (3 cm) - refractory base - facing tiles.

How to protect the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove?

When the bath is heated, the surface of the stove can heat up to 400 degrees Celsius. It begins to emit infrared radiation, which is why it itself becomes a source of heating. The heat is quickly distributed throughout the bath, immediately hitting the walls located near the stove. If the wall surfaces are made of wood, then under the influence of high temperature they begin to char, which can even lead to their fire. To avoid igniting the walls, it is necessary to create protective screens and sheathing made of non-combustible materials in the bath.

Protective screens around or near the oven

Shields are insulation shields with which the side surfaces of the furnace are closed to reduce the intensity of heat radiation. They are divided into two types: metal and brick.

Metal screens (cast iron or steel sheets). Such shields are installed around the stove at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. Front and side models are available. They allow you to reduce the temperature of external metal surfaces to 100 degrees Celsius and thereby reduce the fireproof distance to 50 cm. Moreover, the total distance from the firebox to the wall will be from 51 to 55 cm. As for the installation, the metal screens are easily attached to the floor using bolts.

Brick screens. They can cover all the side surfaces of the oven, thus representing its outer skin. In another case, this shield is a wall that separates the oven and the flammable surface. The use of brick screens reduces the distance from the stove to the wooden wall to 22-42 cm.

For the laying of the protective screen, solid fireclay bricks are used. Clay or cement mortar acts as a binder. It is preferable to lay in half a brick (thickness 120 mm). Moreover, small holes must be left in the lower part of the shield to ensure air convection between the stove and the brick wall. The walls of the shield must end at least 20 cm above the top surface of the oven. In some cases, the masonry can extend all the way to the ceiling. The brick screen should not be installed too close to the walls of the oven. The optimal distance in this case should be 5-15 cm.

Installing a stove in a bath with a remote firebox: fire safety rules

Regardless of what type of oven is installed, there are a number of requirements that must be met. In particular, we are talking about how surfaces heated to high temperatures (up to several hundred degrees) did not come into contact with combustible materials in any way.

The main source of danger in the bath is the stove.... Both the floor and the ceiling must be protected from it. The walls, by the way, do not need to be protected if the oven is placed at a sufficient distance from them.

And even if you are busy installing the stove in a bath with a remote firebox, the first thing to do is protect its foundation... In this case, it does not matter - you put it on the foundation or directly on the wooden floor - in any case, you need to lay it under the stove refractory sheet (asbestos or basalt cardboard, for example), on top of which to put Metal sheet.

Base scheme for a massive furnace (see details about furnace foundations).

Asbestos cardboard for placing under a not very heavy oven (see more about installing ovens).

Another universal point of fire protection is correct routing of the chimney through the ceiling and roof slabs.

Ceiling passage box

The walls remain. Since in this case we are talking about installing a furnace with a remote firebox, the main "problem" will be passage of the fuel line directly through the wall, and the distance between the wall and the stove will be minimal - about 5 cm on average. And this means that one lining of the wall with refractories will not do here.

Related article: How to properly align walls before wallpapering

Therefore, we will analyze two options: installation of the stove in a bath with a remote firebox, when the walls combustible (i.e. wooden) and non-combustible (brick, block concrete). The material is also a criterion for dividing furnaces into separate types; in accordance with this classification, metal and brick furnaces are distinguished. Some experts classify cast-iron stoves in a separate category. In addition, there are other types of ovens:

Protective non-combustible wall cladding

Wall surfaces that are adjacent to the hot oven walls are susceptible to self-ignition. To prevent them from overheating, sheathing is used, consisting of non-combustible and heat-insulating materials. They are classified into two main types: reflective and cladding.

Reflective sheathing. They consist of a combination of metal sheets and non-hot thermal insulation. Thermal insulation is attached to the wooden surface, which is covered from above with a stainless steel sheet. Sometimes galvanized steel is used for these purposes, but when heated, it can release substances harmful to human health. It is preferable that the metal sheet of the screen be polished. The mirrored surface reflects heat rays from the wooden surface, preventing it from heating up.

The following materials can be fixed as thermal insulation under the stainless steel sheet:

Basalt cardboard. It is a thin sheet of basalt fiber. Such cardboard is used as a fireproof, heat and sound insulating material.
Minerite. Such non-combustible sheets are made specifically for shielding fireplaces, stoves and easily flammable surfaces in saunas and baths.
Basalt wool. This material is absolutely safe when used in a bath and is not subject to fire. Basalt wool has high thermal insulation characteristics and increased hygroscopicity.
Asbestos cardboard. It is a sheet refractory heat insulator. Asbestos cardboard provides reliable protection of flammable surfaces from ignition.

A common example of cladding is the following combination: wall - ventilation gap - insulation - stainless steel sheet. Moreover, the distance from the wooden wall to the stove should be from 38 cm. To fix the sheathing to the wall surface, ceramic bushings are used. They do not heat up and form ventilation gaps between the wall and the insulation.

If the distance between the stove and the wooden wall is minimal, then the cladding is made of 2 layers of refractory insulation. The sheets are fixed through ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm. Moreover, the top sheet is covered with stainless steel.

Sheathing with cladding. Of course, the stainless steel cladding perfectly protects the wooden walls from heat and fire. However, it can spoil the appearance of the bathhouse finish. Therefore, most often the cladding is masked with heat-resistant tiles. The most popular materials for wall cladding near the stove are:

Talcochlorite. It is a green or gray rock. It has high strength, moisture resistance and fire resistance.
Terracotta tiles. The material is made from baked clay. It is distinguished by a long service life, resistance to fire and mechanical stress. Terracotta tiles are not only matte, but also glazed. Its shades range from pastel yellow to brick red.
Porcelain stoneware. It is a durable and heat resistant tile that can imitate wood, brick or natural stone. The color range is presented in all natural shades.
Clinker tiles. The material is made of clay and looks similar to facing bricks. Clinker tiles, in contrast to terracotta, are much denser. The range of colors covers almost all possible shades.
Tiles. This is a type of ceramic tile. Usually tiles are embossed on the front surface in the form of an ornament or pattern.

Fastening refractory tiles directly to walls will not provide a thermal insulation effect, as they will heat up, which can lead to spontaneous combustion. Therefore, such material is used as an element to create the following structure: wall - ventilation gap - flame-resistant sheet material - tiles. Moreover, the distance from the tile to the walls of the stove should be 15-20 cm.

It is best to use fire-resistant panels MSL (glass-magnesium sheet) as a refractory element in the cladding. This material in the form of slabs is made on the basis of fiberglass and magnesia binder. LSU surpasses most building materials in fire safety. It does not burn at temperatures up to 1200 degrees. The glass-magnesium sheet does not deform even with constant exposure to moisture, which is especially important when used in baths.

In addition, LSU is resistant to mold and chemical attack, even with caustic alkalis and various acids. This material is highly durable - it does not crack or crumble. It does not contain components hazardous to human health. And the operational life of glass-magnesium sheets is at least 15 years.

Instructions for creating different types of protection from the heat of the oven

When planning the construction of a bath, it is important to remember to create safety inside the premises. First of all, this concerns fire safety.By melting the bath, the stove can be heated up to 300-400 ° C, which is significantly higher than the combustion temperature of the wood, from which the bath is most often built.
Protection of the walls of the bath from the heat of the stove is not always required. For example, you can provide a distance between the wall and the stove to achieve fire safety without additional protection. The fact is that at some distance the infrared rays emitted by the oven begin to scatter, which significantly reduces their impact on the nearest surfaces.

The distance from the stove to the wall in the bath varies depending on the type of stove:

0.32 m and more - the distance for a stone furnace with a quarter brick masonry;
0.7 m and more - the required distance between the wall and the metal furnace lined with chamotte or brick from the inside;
1 m or more is a safe distance for a metal unlined furnace.

At first glance, it seems that creating such a distance is much easier than installing additional protection, but this is fundamentally wrong. Maintaining a safe distance is advisable only in large steam rooms, but in small private baths, the stove, including indents, will occupy most of the room, so it will be much easier to use insulation.

The decoration around the stove in the bath can be done with the following materials:

Clinker tiles are made from fired clay. It is characterized by high strength, heat resistance and durability. One of the advantages of this option is also a rich color palette, which includes not only black and white tones, but also blue or green colors;
Terracotta tiles are also made of clay, but they are inferior to the previous version in terms of density and the number of possible color solutions;
Talcochlorite is a good option for bath cladding, made of rocks of green and grayish shades. Possesses good heat resistance and strength;
Tiles are ordinary ceramic tiles with good heat resistance and a pattern on their surface;
Porcelain stoneware is a heat-resistant tile imitating natural stone or wood.

The tile will not dissipate heat, protecting the walls from fire, so it cannot be attached directly to the wall. We recommend using the following construction:

Wall;
Ventilation gap;
Refractory material;
Tile (the distance from the tile to the stove must be at least 15 cm).

Such a "cake" will allow you to create a reliable protection of the walls from the heat, while preserving the beauty of the room.

One of the following options can be used as a refractory material:

Fireproof drywall - made from the same materials as conventional drywall, but using fiberglass;
Minerite slabs for a bath - absolutely not exposed to moisture and heat.
Glass-magnesium sheet - slabs made of glass cloth and magnesia binder. It is excellent at keeping back heat, moisture and noise.

This option will perfectly protect your bath from the possibility of fire, as well as insulate the room, preserving its aesthetic component.

According to fire safety rules, the arrangement around stoves, fireplaces and fuel boilers should be carried out using refractory special materials that can simultaneously protect a residential or utility building (bathhouse) from possible fire hitting the walls, and at the same time not harm health.

Any stove or fireplace heats up to create a favorable home atmosphere, they radiate a strong heat, which in turn can be a source of ignition or fire.Therefore, it is important to carefully choose the right materials when arranging a heat source in a house, bathhouse or basement when it comes to a fuel boiler.

A feature of modern sauna stoves is their heating temperature, which can reach 400 degrees.

An important indicator of the efficiency of the furnace is the instantaneous heating of the body and the maximum heat output.

The entire heating process is accompanied by the release of infrared radiation, which is distributed on the surfaces adjacent to the oven. Under the influence of high temperature conditions, the wooden structure of the bath can be charred or ignited.

That is why it is so important to ensure reliable insulation of wooden surfaces from the heat of the stove. A protective shield and refractory sheathing are suitable for this.

The urgent need to install additional protective elements arises in cases of non-observance of the fire-safe distance between the furnace and the adjacent surfaces.

At an unsafe distance, the infrared radiation emitted during the kindling of sauna stoves hits the walls and is not scattered. This leads to damage to wooden surfaces or a fire hazard in general.

So the distance from the wall to the stove:

from brick - is 35 cm;
made of metal (without interior decoration) - 100 cm;
made of metal (with interior decoration made of bricks or fireclay tiles) - up to 70 cm.

In small rooms, where it is not possible to maintain a safe distance from the wall to the stove, it is more rational to install a protective screen or sheathing.

A metal sheet metal fencing for the stove in the steam room will be the most effective and simple solution for a home bath. It is more advisable to use a polished panel, since a smooth, shiny surface reflects much better. This property also suggests that heat will not accumulate in the metal, but will spread throughout the room.

A metal fence for a stove in a steam room must be attached to the brickwork or directly to the floor using special clips or accessories. The process will not take much time, but you will completely secure your vacation.

The brick partition is placed in half a brick. Here you also need to leave a gap between the floor and the first row. Most often it is made in the form of a door. It can be used to regulate the degree of heat accumulation in the oven.

Start laying from the bottom row, and gradually rise to the height of the stove. The level of the screen should be 15–20 cm higher than the stove. Many experts recommend making such a partition up to the ceiling.

The need for protection arises when the basic fire safety conditions are not met. Firewalls are necessary if:

the distance between the brick stove and the wall is less than 32 cm;
from a metal stove to floors - less than 100 cm;
from a metal stove lined with chamotte or brick from the inside to the wall - less than 70 cm.

In small rooms, there is no possibility of compliance with standards, therefore, when arranging a heating device, it is necessary to think over the issue of protecting the building from fire.

Wall decoration around the stove
Today there are 2 ways of protection:

creation of protective screens around the furnace body, which can be metal or brick;
wall cladding with reflective materials or heat insulators with low thermal conductivity.

Firewalls can be created using non-combustible sheathing. Today, 2 options for similar designs are used:

reflective sheathing;
cladding with cladding.

For the manufacture of reflective protection, a heat-insulating material is attached to the wooden surface of the walls, which is covered with a steel sheet. Several years ago, galvanized and stainless steel sheets were used equally widely.However, studies have shown that when heated, galvanized steel is capable of emitting harmful substances, therefore, it is preferable to erect stainless steel fire walls.

In order for the reflective effect to be as intense as possible, the surface of the sheet must be well polished (almost to a mirror finish).

Stainless steel reflector shield

The following can be used as a heat insulator fixed under steel:

basalt wool with good thermal insulation characteristics and absolute environmental safety;
basalt cardboard based on basalt fiber;
asbestos cardboard with good refractory properties;
minerite made specifically for shielding surfaces.

Fireproof walls with steel sheet cladding are quite simple to equip. The main thing is to remember what each skin layer should consist of:

wall;
a gap of 2-3 cm, providing ventilation between the wooden surface and the heat insulator;
thermal insulation material (at least 1-2 cm thick);
sheet of steel.

The distance from the furnace body to the steel sheet must be at least 38 cm. It is recommended to use ceramic bushings for fastening the materials. They are not exposed to heat and do not deform, ensuring the safety of the ventilation gap between the heat insulator and the wood.

Refractory wall construction
When the distance between the heater and the wall is less than 38 cm, a double layer of refractory material must be used. Minerite is the best choice. It is fastened with ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm from the wooden wall and covered with stainless steel.

If the sophisticated interior does not allow the use of stainless steel cladding, fire walls can be made of cladding with cladding. In this case, the following materials become a good disguise: terracotta or clinker tiles, tiles, porcelain stoneware, soapstone.

Despite the excellent fireproof properties, the tiles laid on the wall will not act as a heat insulator. Therefore, it is used as a finishing layer in a heat-insulating "pie":

wall;
ventilation gap (2-3 cm);
refractory material (minerite, glass-magnesium or refractory gypsum plasterboards);
tile.

Protecting a wooden wall from the heat of the stove

Wooden baths require especially careful observance of fire safety rules during their arrangement. The source of a fire can be anything, an unextinguished cigarette, coals falling out of the furnace, an uncleaned chimney, but the main source of threat is the stove itself.

The surface of the stove heats up to 300 ° - 400 °, the heat falls on the wooden walls, which leads to their excessive heating and charring. Stopping the process of burning wood surfaces is extremely difficult; the best way to avoid a fire is to prevent it. There are two really effective ways to insulate the surface of wooden walls from the heat of a sauna stove - protecting equipment in the form of a screen or erecting special sheathing made of non-combustible materials.

How to insulate a wooden wall from a steel stove?

Table of contents

Installing a stove is a complex process that requires a lot of attention to each stage, from preparing the place for installation and ending with the nuances of removing the chimney behind the roof. In this article, we will talk about how to properly insulate a wooden wall from a steel, cast iron stove. Any wood has a tendency to ignite, so a permanently red-hot stove structure can easily cause a fire. Any builder understands that insulating a wooden wall behind a stove is a must. Let's consider an example of installing a Bavaria fireplace stove on a wooden floor next to a wooden wall.The stove does not have a separate foundation, so a lightweight base for the metal structure is required. The base for the oven will be bricked in one layer. In this case, wall insulation can be made in two versions: these are sheets of asbestos cement or sheets of flame (non-hot composition). There are several opinions about asbestos - sometimes they say that they emit toxic fumes. But flamm has its drawbacks: they have standard sheet sizes of 600x1200 mm, which is inconvenient when working, and also at the price they do not win asbestos cement at all.

Wall insulation options

The width of a particular oven is 720 mm. As a result, it turns out that horizontal sheets must be installed - you need four sheets to the ceiling to the ceiling, it turns out that they can close the upper part of the room - there is a beautiful partition. There are several more options for how you can proceed: get rid of the existing partition, replace it with a fireproof one and glue it with tiles or stone. You can also place the screen, and use a circular saw to remove the tree completely on the partition. Next, finish with tiles, plaster or paint. There is no doubt that the tree should be removed. After all, if you close it from above with non-combustible materials, there is still a possibility of ignition of the wooden surface. It is better in this case not to risk it and remove the partition from the tree. Heat radiation from the oven will not only come from the back wall. Lateral radiation will give radiation to the wall at a distance of 0.8-1 meter. You should carefully read the installation instructions - there the manufacturer describes everything very clearly, including what concerns safety. For example, when a stove with a glass door is heated, and there is a chair next to it, it is better to move it further away (more than 1 meter).

Initially, it was assumed that the base for the oven was one brick thick, but this thickness for a wooden floor is not very good. Regarding a non-combustible partition, you should also note the importance of the situation - where the chimney will pass, at what distance from the beams, walls and rafters. In the area of this Bavaria furnace, it is best to use a concrete slab as a base - lay it on beams, flush with the floors or a little more - it will turn out like a podium, reliable and ensuring safety. However, the bottom of this stove practically does not warm up, there is an additional part for firewood, which takes on the heat. Therefore, you can make it easier - lay minerite or DSP on the floor, then tile or porcelain stoneware on mastic or hot melt glue. In the places where the chimney is laid, you can use basalt, non-combustible or kaolin wool. Cotton wool plays the role of additional insulation and is embedded in the ceiling cut. In this case, an opening should be made in the ceiling - in accordance with safety standards - from the contour of a two-layer pipe - a sandwich, 250 mm in different directions. The cutting of the furnace should be made of non-combustible materials - superisol, minerite, calcium silicate, vermiculite. When passing through the chimney, the cut should be filled with cotton wool.

Related article: Laying drywall on walls with your own hands

To get rid of a beautiful partition, of course, is very difficult, because it was built for aesthetics, a lot of time was spent on it, but if it was decided to put a metal stove on this wall, then you should get rid of the additional threat of ignition of wooden parts.

Wall insulation material

Cladding materials are often made of cement, which can take several years to fully harden. As a result, even after work has been completed, changes in size, bends and deflections can be observed. Some manufacturing companies (for example) use an efficient and effective method of curing the lining materials in an autoclave in a high-temperature high-pressure oven.And it turns out that shrinkage due to drying and expansion by exposure to heat can be avoided, and reliable strength is also ensured.

The same Nitikha panels are made of fiber cement, a versatile material that is 90% cement and 10% cellulose fibers and various mineral fillers. In this case, the technology without the use of asbestos by pressing the ingredients will be applied.

Panels of such a plan are environmentally friendly; they do not use formaldehyde resins, chlorine compounds and asbestos in their production. Fiber cement has excellent refractory properties, it fully fits into the category of non-combustible materials. Fiber cement siding has many advantages, including - with its help, you can easily select various design variations, and it is also easy to install. Instead of minerite, glass-magnetic sheets can also be used - this is a more budgetary option.

When is it required?

Sometimes there is no need to protect walls. If the stove is located at a safe distance from the wall from the point of view of fire safety, the arrangement of protective screens and other measures can be neglected. The distance from the walls, which is required to weaken the heat from the source, is different:

A stove laid out in a quarter of a brick should be located no closer than 35-40 cm from the wall;
A metal furnace without lining should be placed one meter away and no closer;
Metal with a lined crucible can be installed 70-75cm from the wall.

However, not every steam room has the ability to meet these requirements, due to the small area. The layout of the steam rooms with an area of 6-8m² hardly contains the necessary set of items for the vaping procedure. Therefore, the need to insulate the walls with special cladding is relevant.

Application of protective screens

The screens are brick or metal shields that protect the walls from intense heat radiation. Such protection is used when installing metal stoves.

Metal screens are made from steel or cast iron sheets, these

the heat source is surrounded by casings with a distance of 3-5 cm.

Advice! When purchasing a metal stove for a bath, you should give preference to a model equipped with a metal casing. Its cost is not much higher, but the issues of wall insulation are removed.

Additional frontal or frontal shielding, which is located on the walls, depending on the location of the stove, will not interfere. The protection guarantees the wood from overheating, reducing the temperature by 100 degrees or more, and provides an opportunity to save space in the steam room. The oven protected by a casing can be installed at a distance of 50-55cm from the wall.

Installation of screens is simple. The casing, equipped with legs, is attached to the floor by side or front screens - with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

Brick screens are masonry, which is used to sew up a stove with

on all sides, the same casing, only made of bricks. Another way is to lay a half-brick between the firebox and the wall of full-bodied fireclay bricks laid on a mortar of clay with cement. The width of the wall should be 120mm, although there is an opinion that it is permissible to put 60mm in a quarter of a brick, but it should be remembered that in this case the thermal insulation indicator is reduced by exactly half. It is recommended to raise the masonry in height 20-30 cm above the surface of the firebox, but if it is raised to the ceiling, it will not be worse.

The screen should be located at a distance of 10-15cm from the wall, 5-15cm from the stove, that is, space saving is 30-40cm

Important! Functional holes for heat transfer should be made in the lower part of the masonry.

The protective screens are effective, they reduce the temperature to the level acceptable when using high-temperature fuel units. The same function is performed by wall cladding made of non-combustible materials.

Choosing a protective shield

Before installing protective screens in the bath, you need to choose the right design. The choice is influenced by a lot of different parameters, ranging from the material of the heater and its power, ending with the heating temperature and other factors.

To create the most effective and reliable screen for the oven in the bath, the following indicators must be taken into account:

The degree of heat resistance of the material;
The complexity of the installation of the selected structure;
Wear resistance and resistance to temperature extremes, since the operating conditions of the protective screens are rather unfavorable;
The cost of the material, on which its effectiveness often depends.

Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves are divided into two types, depending on the material used:

Basalt cardboard screens. The average thickness of such protection is about 10 mm. Such designs are quite reliable, practical and convenient. During installation, the material is installed at an angle to the furnace equipment.
Brick screens. The laying of brick reflectors is carried out even at the construction stage of the bath - the brick protection weighs a lot, so there must be a reliable foundation under it. If you equip such protection after installing the bath itself, then the installation process will be complicated. In addition, it is worth remembering that silicate bricks are not suitable for protection, so you will have to use red or clinker products.

When planning a protective screen, you should pay attention to the decorative qualities of the building. The fact is that the outer lining of the stove can act as a protection, which will significantly increase the visual qualities of the interior - just look at any photos with a similar design.

For the arrangement of protection, full-bodied furnace materials are most often used, which are stacked with in-line dressing. To lay them, a special solution is used, mixed in a ratio of 1:30:10 (cement, sand and clay, respectively).

Naturally, during installation, it is necessary to take into account the expansion of steel sheets when exposed to temperature, therefore, leave a section in three rows on top of the masonry. This rule applies only to brick sauna stoves.

In the case of metal stoves, you can use one of the following schemes:

Protective screen for the case. This protection, which is usually made of bricks, blocks the heat generated by the furnace body.
Protective screen for nearby walls. With the help of such screens made of refractory materials, the walls adjacent to the sauna stove are closed.
Floor protection. Non-combustible materials are laid on the floor - brick, porcelain stoneware, natural stone or metal sheet, laid on top of a heat-insulating layer.

Bath wall cladding with non-combustible insulating materials

To prevent the walls from overheating, you can use materials with increased thermal insulation properties and inertness to high temperatures. Two types of materials are used:

reflective;
refractory with lining.

The first type includes wall sheathing materials, consisting of thermal insulation with refractory properties and a metal sheet in the form of a sheet.

Wall insulation with reflective sheathing

A protective cake with reflective materials is done like this. First, the thermal insulation is fixed with the help of ceramic bushings directly on the wooden walls, then it is sewn up with a sheet of stainless steel.

Advice! It is better not to use galvanized metal, since when heated, it is possible to release heavy metals harmful to the human body.

Stainless steel with a polished surface reflects the heat flow into the steam room, reduces heat loss. In this case, reflected heat is more useful than direct heat. For thermal insulation use:

basalt cardboard or cotton wool, the only material with increased hygroscopicity, non-combustible, environmentally friendly;
asbestos cardboard that reliably protects against the occurrence of flame, characterized by long service life;
minerite, a man-made material made specifically for this purpose.

The protective sheathing assumes the presence of ventilation gaps of 2 cm from the wall to the insulation, 2 cm from the insulation to the steel sheet. If it is necessary to install the stove as close to the wall as possible, make a double cladding of non-combustible insulation, with the help of ceramic bushings they maintain gaps of 2-3 cm and sewn up with a steel sheet.

Combination of materials

A combination of metal and minerite, which will lie on the brick base, will give the best effect. There should be at least a small air gap between all layers of this "cake".

In this case, the floor under such protection will not heat up more than the air in the double room.

It should be remembered that in front of the stove, a fire plate made of metal must be laid on the wooden floor without fail. The fire plate protects the wooden floor from coals that can fall out of the fire door of the sauna stove.